MediumZoologyATP synthase
+4 / -1
Study the given figure and find the number of H+ moving through ATP synthase for 1 ATP formation during respiration- 
A
2H+
B
3H+
C
4H+
D
1H+
Explanation
The given figure represents ATP synthase (F₀–F₁ complex) present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. According to NCERT, ATP synthesis occurs when protons (H⁺) move down their electrochemical gradient from the intermembrane space into the mitochondrial matrix through the F₀ part of ATP synthase. The flow of protons causes rotation of the stalk and induces conformational changes in the F₁ head, leading to the conversion of ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) into ATP. NCERT clearly states that for the synthesis of one ATP molecule, 4 protons (4H⁺) are required to pass through ATP synthase—3H⁺ are used directly for ATP formation and 1H⁺ is used for transport of Pi into the matrix.
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