Read the following statements:
A. Since DNA is hydrophilic molecule, it cannot pass through cell membrane.
B. Bacteria are made competent to uptake DNA by treating with monovalent cations like calcium.
C. To enable the bacteria to uptake recombinant DNA, the cells with recombinant DNA are incubated on ice followed by placing at 42°C and back on ice.
D. In gene gun, plant cells are bombarded with high velocity microparticles of gold or tungsten coated with DNA.
Select the correct statements.
A,C, D
A ✔ DNA is hydrophilic, cannot cross membrane directly
B wrong Ca²⁺ divalent ion makes bacteria competent
C ✔ Heat shock method used (ice → 42°C → back to ice)
D ✔ Gene gun uses gold/tungsten particles
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