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Botany
Principles of Inheritance and Variation
114 questions · Click an option and press Check Answer to reveal the result
1
Sickle cell anemia is an example of:
A
Point mutation
B
Frame-shift mutation
C
Aneuploidy
D
Polyploidy
2
In incomplete dominance, the phenotypic ratio in F2 is:
A
3:1
B
9:3:3:1
C
1:2:1
D
1:1
3
In incomplete dominance, the F2 phenotypic ratio is:
A
3:1
B
1:2:1
C
9:3:3:1
D
1:1:1:1
4
Phenylketonuria is an inborn error of metabolism which is:
A
Autosomal dominant
B
Autosomal recessive
C
X-linked recessive
D
X-linked dominant
5
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an:
A
Autosomal dominant disorder
B
Autosomal recessive disorder
C
X-linked recessive disorder
D
Chromosomal disorder
6
In birds, the female heterogamety is represented by:
A
XX
B
XY
C
ZZ
D
ZW
7
Sex-determination in honey bees is based on the number of sets of chromosomes, which is called:
A
Haplodiploid sex-determination
B
XY sex-determination
C
Genic balance theory
D
Environmental determination
8
Which one is not a feature of Down's syndrome?
A
Broad flat face
B
Furrowed big tongue
C
Gynaecomastia
D
Partially open mouth
9
Klinefelter's syndrome is caused by the chromosomal condition:
A
45, XO
B
47, XXY
C
47, XYY
D
46, XX
10
How many pairs of contrasting characters in pea plants were studied by Mendel in his experiments?
A
Five
B
Six
C
Seven
D
Eight
11
ABO blood groups are controlled by the gene I which has:
A
2 alleles
B
3 alleles
C
4 alleles
D
Multiple genes
12
In a pedigree chart, a circle represents:
A
Male
B
Female
C
Affected individual
D
Sex unspecified
13
Failure of segregation of chromatids during cell division cycle results in the gain or loss of a chromosome, called:
A
Euploidy
B
Polyploidy
C
Aneuploidy
D
Mutation
14
ABO blood grouping in humans is an example of:
A
Incomplete dominance
B
Multiple allelism and Co-dominance
C
Polygenic inheritance
D
Pleiotropy
15
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement regarding sex determination?
A
In humans, the sperm determines the sex of the child.
B
In birds, the sex of the offspring depends on the type of sperm.
C
In grasshoppers, 50% of sperms have no sex chromosome.
D
In honey bees, males are produced via parthenogenesis.
16
A cross between AaBb × aabb is a:
A
Monohybrid cross
B
Dihybrid test cross
C
Back cross
D
Selfing
17
Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment holds good for genes situated on the:
A
Non-homologous chromosomes
B
Homologous chromosomes
C
Same chromosome
D
Extra-nuclear DNA
18
Identify the INCORRECT statement about Drosophila melanogaster:
A
They complete their life cycle in about two years.
B
They can be grown on simple synthetic medium.
C
A single mating could produce a large number of progeny flies.
D
There was a clear differentiation of the sexes.
19
The term 'recombination' describes:
A
Physical association of genes
B
Generation of non-parental gene combinations
C
Linkage of genes
D
Presence of many alleles
20
α Thalassemia is due to the mutation of:
A
HBA1 & HBA2 genes on chromosome 16
B
HBB gene on chromosome 11
C
HBB gene on chromosome 16
D
HbA gene on chromosome 11 into Hbs
21
The "Law of Segregation" is also known as the:
A
Law of dominance
B
Law of purity of gametes
C
Law of independent assortment
D
Law of unit characters
22
Who used the frequency of recombination between gene pairs on the same chromosome as a measure of the distance between genes?
A
T.H. Morgan
B
Alfred Sturtevant
C
Henking
D
Gregor Mendel
23
The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance was proposed by:
A
Mendel
B
Sutton and Boveri
C
Morgan
D
de Vries
24
In human beings, where genotype AABBCC represents dark skin colour, aabbcc represents light skin colour and AaBbCc represents intermediate skin colour; the pattern of genetic inheritance can be termed as-
A
Pleiotropy and codominance
B
Pleiotropy and incomplete dominance
C
Polygenic and qualitative inheritance
D
Polygenic and quantitative inheritance
25
In Sickle cell anemia, glutamic acid is replaced by ______ at the sixth position of the beta globin chain.
A
Valine
B
Lysine
C
Serine
D
Alanine
26
Polygenic inheritance is influenced by:
A
Only genes
B
Only environment
C
Both genes and environment
D
None
27
A person with Klinefelter's syndrome has the karyotype:
A
45, XO
B
47, XXY
C
47, XYY
D
44, XX
28
Haploid chromosome number is 12. What is the number in a Monosomic?
A
23
B
22
C
25
D
26
29
The failure of cytokinesis after telophase stage of cell division results in an increase in a whole set of chromosomes in an organism and this phenomenon is known as:
A
Aneuploidy
B
Polyploidy
C
Trisomy
D
Nullisomy
30
Which is NOT true about Phenylketonuria?
A
It causes mental retardation
B
Phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme is absent
C
Phenylalanine is converted to tyrosine
D
Phenyl pyruvic acid is excreted through urine
31
The physical association of two genes on a chromosome is called:
A
Recombination
B
Linkage
C
Mutation
D
Segregation
32
The chromosomal condition in Turner's syndrome is:
A
21 trisomy + XY
B
44 autosomes + XXY
C
44 autosomes + XYY
D
44 autosomes + XO
33
The number of linkage groups in a cell is equal to its:
A
Diploid number
B
Haploid number
C
Total number of chromosomes
D
Number of autosomes
34
Turner’s syndrome is characterized by:
A
Sterile females
B
Rudimentary ovaries
C
Lack of secondary sexual characters
D
All of the above
35
Thalassemia is a ______-linked ______ blood disease.
A
Sex, dominant
B
Autosome, recessive
C
Sex, recessive
D
Autosome, dominant
36
Match the column I with column II
| Column I | Column II |
|---|---|
AHuman | iXO type |
BHoney bee | iiZW type |
CGrass hopper | iiiXY type |
DFowl | ivHaploid-Diploid type |
A
(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
B
(a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
C
(a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)
D
(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
37
Which of the following is a Mendelian disorder?
A
Down's syndrome
B
Haemophilia
C
Turner's syndrome
D
Klinefelter's syndrome
38
In which organism is the male heterogametic (XY)?
A
Birds
B
Humans and Drosophila
C
Grasshopper
D
Both B and C
39
Find out correct statement:
A
Mendel conducted hybridization experiment for nine year.
B
Contrasting trait show blending at F₁ stage.
C
Recessive trait is seen due to non functional enzyme or no enzyme is produced.
D
In dominance F₁ hybrid resembles both parents.
40
Incomplete dominance can be seen in:
A
Flower colour in Mirabilis jalapa
B
Flower colour in Pisum sativum
C
Size of starch grains in Garden pea
D
1 and 3 both
41
A mutation that involves a change in a single base pair of DNA is called:
A
Frame-shift mutation
B
Point mutation
C
Deletion
D
Inversion
42
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): A test cross of F1 progeny of snapdragon (being studied for inheritance of flower colour) gives a 1:1 ratio of red flowered and white flowered plants.
Reason (R): A test cross can easily be analysed to predict the genotype of the test organism.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
A
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B
Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C
(A) is true but (R) is false.
D
(A) is false but (R) is true.
43
The genotype of a "Carrier" for an X-linked recessive disease is:
A
XᶜXᶜ
B
XᶜY
C
XXᶜ
D
XY
44
The F2 genotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross is:
A
3:1
B
1:2:1
C
9:3:3:1
D
1:1
45
The substitution in Sickle cell anemia occurs at which position of the beta-globin chain?
A
4th
B
5th
C
6th
D
7th
46
In a cross between homozygous dominant (YY) and homozygous recessive (yy), the F2 generation will have a genotypic ratio of:
A
3:1
B
1:2:1
C
1:1
D
9:3:3:1
47
The distance between genes is measured by:
A
Centimeter
B
Angstrom
C
Map units (Centimorgan)
D
Nanometer
48
Test cross is a cross between:
A
F1 hybrid x Recessive parent
B
F1 hybrid x Dominant parent
C
F1 hybrid x F1 hybrid
D
Dominant parent x Recessive parent
49
Which of the following characters was not used by Mendel?
A
Seed shape
B
Pod length
C
Flower position
D
Stem height
50
Thalassemia is a/an ______ linked ______ disorder.
A
Autosomal, recessive
B
Autosomal, dominant
C
X-linked, recessive
D
Y-linked, recessive
51
A man has blood group AB and his wife has blood group A. blood test of their children found to be blood group A, AB and B. Which of the blood group of children confirms that their mother is heterozygous for her blood group?
A
A
B
AB
C
B
D
O
52
Identify the INCORRECT statement about pedigree analysis:
A
It is used to trace the inheritance of a specific trait across several generations.
B
A square represents a female.
C
A horizontal line between a square and a circle represents mating.
D
It is very useful for studying human genetics where controlled crosses are not possible.
53
Which of the following is an example of Aneuploidy?
A
Down's syndrome
B
Turner's syndrome
C
Klinefelter's syndrome
D
All of the above
54
Given below are two statements :
Statement I : Morgan and his group found that genes of eye colour and yellow body colour in Drosophila were very tightly linked and showed only 1.3 per cent recombination in F₁ generation.
Statement II : Morgan carried out - several dihybrid crosses in Drosophila to study genes that were sex-linked. In the light of above statement choose the correct answer from the options given below:
A
Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect.
B
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are incorrect.
C
Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct.
D
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct.
55
Identify the INCORRECT statement regarding Polygenic Inheritance:
A
It takes into account the influence of the environment.
B
The phenotype reflects the contribution of each allele (additive effect).
C
Human skin color is a classic example.
D
It follows a clear 3:1 ratio in the F2 generation.
56
The cause of Down's syndrome is the presence of an additional copy of chromosome number:
A
13
B
18
C
21
D
22
57
Starch grain size and shape in pea seeds show:
A
Dominance
B
Incomplete dominance
C
Co-dominance
D
Epistasis
58
Queen Victoria was a carrier of:
A
Sickle cell anemia
B
Haemophilia
C
Thalassemia
D
Color blindness
59
Drosophila melanogaster was found suitable for genetic studies because:
A
They could be grown on simple synthetic medium
B
They complete their life cycle in about two weeks
C
A single mating could produce a large number of progeny
D
All of the above
60
With the help of given pedigree find out the probability for the birth of a child having no disease in F3 generation. 
A
1/2
B
2/3
C
3/4
D
1/4
61
The frequency of recombination between gene pairs on the same chromosome as a measure of the distance between genes was explained by:
A
T.H. Morgan
B
Alfred Sturtevant
C
Gregor Mendel
D
Henking
62
Assertion: During Morgan experiments, some genes were very tightly linked and showed very low recombination.
Reason: In Fruiting, Eggs fertilised by sperm having an X-chromosome become females.
A
Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
B
Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C
Assertion is true but reason is false
D
Assertion is false but reason is true
63
Henking discovered the 'X-body' in which organism?
A
Humans
B
Fruit flies
C
Insects (Firefly/Grasshopper)
D
Birds
64
Which of the following is responsible for mental abnormalities in humans?
A
XXX and XY
B
XX and XXX
C
XO and XXX
D
All of the above
65
Haemophilia is a:
A
Autosomal dominant disorder
B
Autosomal recessive disorder
C
Sex-linked recessive disorder
D
Sex-linked dominant disorder
66
Pedigree analysis is used to:
A
Study the inheritance of a particular trait over several generations
B
Predict the sex of the unborn child
C
Calculate the mutation rate
D
Map the genes on a chromosome
67
The amino acid substituted in Sickle cell anemia is:
A
Valine by Glutamic acid
B
Glutamic acid by Valine
C
Lysine by Valine
D
Valine by Lysine
68
Which of the following statements is not correct.
A
A true-breeding line is one that, having undergone continuous self pollination, shows the unstable trait inheritance and expression for several generations.
B
A homozygous parent produces all gametes that are similar while a heterozygous one produces two kinds of gametes.
C
Multiple alleles can be found only when population studies are made.
D
Sickle-cell anaemia is an autosome linked recessive trait.
69
A change in a single base pair of DNA is called:
A
Chromosomal aberration
B
Point mutation
C
Deletion
D
Duplication
70
Chromosomal theory of inheritance was proposed by:
A
Mendel
B
Morgan
C
Sutton and Boveri
D
de Vries
71
Consider the cross CcDdEe × ccddEe. What will be the probability of following respectively ?
(A) Heterozygous individuals for all characters
(B) Homozygous recessive individuals
(C) Individuals homozygous for first character and heterozygous for second and third characters
A
4/16, 1/4, 2/8
B
2/16, 1/16, 2/16
C
1/8, 2/16, 1/8
D
1/4, 1/16, 1/8
72
Select the odd one out (Mendel's contrasting traits):
A
Violet flower
B
Round seed
C
Yellow pod
D
Tall stem
73
Given pedigree represents inheritance of myotonic dystrophy which is an autosomal dominant disorder. What will be genotype of parents?
A
Mother - aa Father - AA
B
Mother-AA Father- aa
C
Mother - Aa Father-aa
D
Mother- aa Father-aa
74
A person with sickle cell anemia is:
A
More prone to malaria
B
Less prone to malaria
C
More prone to typhoid
D
Less prone to cholera
75
Identify the INCORRECT statement regarding Mendelian inheritance:
A
Dominance is an autonomous feature of a gene.
B
In a dissimilar pair of factors, one member of the pair dominates the other.
C
Factors occur in pairs.
D
The Law of Segregation is universal and has no exceptions.
76
Marriage between close relatives (consanguineous mating) should be avoided because it induces more:
A
Recessive alleles to come together
B
Mutations
C
Multiple births
D
Blood group abnormalities
77
Tight linkage between two genes on a chromosome leads to:
A
High recombination frequency
B
Low recombination frequency
C
100% parental types
D
Random assortment
78
Identify the INCORRECT statement regarding Thalassemia:
A
It is a qualitative problem of synthesizing an incorrectly functioning globin.
B
Alpha thalassemia is controlled by genes on chromosome 16.
C
Beta thalassemia is controlled by a gene on chromosome 11.
D
It results in the formation of abnormal hemoglobin molecules.
79
Identify the INCORRECT statement regarding Sickle Cell Anemia:
A
It is an X-linked recessive disorder.
B
It is caused by a point mutation.
C
It involves the substitution of Valine by Glutamic acid.
D
The RBCs change shape under low oxygen tension.
80
Co-dominance is seen in:
A
Flower color in snapdragon
B
ABO blood grouping in humans
C
Seed shape in pea plants
D
Skin color in humans
81
The Mendelian principle which has always stood true without exceptions is:
A
Law of independent assortment
B
Law of segregation
C
Law of dominance
D
All of the above
82
The graphical representation to calculate probability of all genotypes of offspring in a genetic cross is called:
A
Pedigree analysis
B
Karyotype
C
Punnett square
D
Chromosome map
83
In birds, sex determination is of the type:
A
XX-XY
B
XX-XO
C
ZW-ZZ
D
ZO-ZZ
84
Ovum producing Klinefelter's syndrome shall have chromosome number:
A
21
B
22
C
23
D
24
85
Down's syndrome is caused by the trisomy of chromosome number:
A
13
B
18
C
21
D
23
86
Identify the incorrect statement about Down's syndrome.
A
It is a case of trisomy.
B
The affected individual suffers from congenital heart disease.
C
The individual exhibits overall masculine development along with gynaecomastia.
D
Physical, psychomotor, and mental development is retarded.
87
A heterozygous pea plant with violet flowers was crossed with a homozygous pea plant with white flowers. Violet is dominant over white. Which one of the following combinations represents the expected combinations among 40 progenies formed ?
A
30 produced violet and 10 produced white flowers
B
20 produced violet and 20 produced white flowers
C
All 40 produced violet flowers
D
All 40 produced white flowers
88
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: The pattern of inheritance of phenylketonuria cannot be studied by pedigree analysis. Statement II: ABO blood group system in humans is a case of polygenic inheritance.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
A
Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
B
Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
C
Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
D
Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.
89
Which of the following is a result of X-O type sex determination?
A
Female has only one X
B
Male has only one X
C
Male has two X
D
Female has no X
90
A pure tall pea plant is crossed with pure dwarf pea plant. The progeny is self-pollinated. The ratio of true breeding tall pea plants to true breeding dwarf pea plants shall be:
A
2:1
B
1:1
C
3:1
D
1:2
91
Starch grain size in pea seeds shows:
A
Complete dominance
B
Incomplete dominance
C
Co-dominance
D
Linkage
92
How many types of gametes will be produced by individuals of AABbcc genotype?
A
2
B
4
C
6
D
9
93
Identify the INCORRECT statement regarding Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance:
A
Chromosomes as well as genes occur in pairs.
B
The two alleles of a gene pair are located on homologous sites on homologous chromosomes.
C
Chromosomes segregate at the time of gamete formation.
D
Mendel himself proposed the chromosomal theory.
94
Identify the INCORRECT statement regarding Linkage:
A
Recombination frequency can never exceed 50%.
B
Genes located very close on the same chromosome show tight linkage.
C
Tightly linked genes show high frequency of crossing over.
D
Linkage was discovered by T.H. Morgan.
95
Which type of Thalassemia involves the mutation of genes on Chromosome 16?
A
Alpha Thalassemia
B
Beta Thalassemia
C
Gamma Thalassemia
D
Delta Thalassemia
96
Haemophilia is also called:
A
Christmas disease
B
Royal disease
C
Sickle cell trait
D
Both A and B
97
According to the Law of independent assortment, in a dihybrid cross:
A
There are 4 genotypes in F2
B
F2 contains 16 phenotypes
C
There is a single individual which is homozygous recessive for both the characters
D
It is not possible to forecast the different phenotypes
98
Turner's syndrome is caused due to:
A
Trisomy of X
B
Monosomy of X
C
Trisomy of 21
D
Deletion of Y
99
In a pedigree analysis, a solid (filled) circle represents:
A
Normal male
B
Affected female
C
Normal female
D
Affected male
100
Read the following statements:
(A) Mendel studied four characters related to colour in garden pea plant.
(B) One pair of gene always segregates independently of another pair of gene.
(C) Besides the involvement of multiple genes, polygenic inheritance also takes into account the influence of environment.
(D) Chromosomal aberrations are commonly observed in cancer cells.
How many of the above statements are correct?
A
Four
B
Three
C
Two
D
One
101
T.H. Morgan worked on which organism to prove chromosomal inheritance?
A
Pisum sativum
B
Drosophila melanogaster
C
Neurospora
D
Oenothera lamarckiana
102
In honey bees, males produce sperm by:
A
Meiosis
B
Mitosis
C
Amitosis
D
Parthenogenesis
103
The character taken by Mendel were all except:
A
Pod shape
B
Pod colour
C
Seed shape
D
Starch grain size
104
Which of the following is the reason for the success of Drosophila in genetics?
A
Small life cycle (2 weeks)
B
Single mating produces many offspring
C
Clear differentiation of sexes
D
All of the above
105
"Gametes are never hybrid". It is a statement of the law of:
A
Dominance
B
Random fertilization
C
Independent assortment
D
Segregation
106
A true-breeding plant is one that:
A
Produced due to cross-pollination among unrelated plants.
B
Near homozygous and produces offspring of its own kind.
C
Always homozygous recessive.
D
Is a hybrid produced by crossing two different species.
107
Identify the INCORRECT statement regarding Phenylketonuria:
A
It is an inborn error of metabolism.
B
Phenylalanine is converted into tyrosine in affected individuals.
C
It results in mental retardation.
D
Phenylalanine is excreted through urine because of poor kidney absorption.
108
A test cross is used to determine the:
A
Phenotype of an F2 plant
B
Genotype of a dominant phenotype plant
C
Genotype of a recessive phenotype plant
D
Number of alleles in a gene
109
If a color-blind man marries a woman whose father was color-blind, what is the probability of their son being color-blind?
A
0%
B
25%
C
50%
D
100%
110
Experimental verification of the chromosomal theory of inheritance was done by:
A
T.H. Morgan
B
Mendel
C
Sutton
D
Boveri
111
Gynaecomastia is a symptom of:
A
Turner’s syndrome
B
Klinefelter’s syndrome
C
Down’s syndrome
D
Edward’s syndrome
112
Largest chromosome in human is
A
2nd chromosome
B
3rd chromosome
C
11th chromosome
D
1st chromosome
113
The child of a father with blood group 'O' and a mother with blood group 'AB' cannot have blood group:
A
A
B
B
C
O
D
Both A and B
114
Pleiotropy occurs when:
A
One gene controls many traits
B
Many genes control one trait
C
Alleles are codominant
D
A gene has more than two alleles
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