Chemical Coordination and Integration

1

The source of progesterone is:

A

Ovarian follicles

B

Thyroid follicles

C

Corpus luteum

D

Adrenal cortex

2

Adrenal medulla secretes hormones called:

A

Steroids

B

Corticoids

C

Catecholamines

D

Peptides

3

Which of the following can act as second messengers during hormone action?

A

Ca2+ ions

B

Cyclic AMP (cAMP)

C

IP3

D

All the above

4

Exophthalmic goitre (Grave's disease) is caused by:

A

Hypothyroidism

B

Hyperthyroidism

C

Hypoparathyroidism

D

Hyperparathyroidism

5

Chemically epinephrine is:

A

Amino acid derivative

B

Peptide hormone

C

Steroid hormone

D

Iodothyronine

6

Assertion: ANF increases BP Reason: Causes vasodilation

A

A true R false

B

A false R true

C

Both true correct

D

Both true wrong

7

Hormone maintaining corpus luteum:

A

Progesterone

B

Estrogen

C

FSH

D

LH

8

Hormone for male behaviour:

A

Estrogen

B

Progesterone

C

Testosterone

D

Relaxin

9

Function of PTH:

A

Bone resorption

B

Renal reabsorption of Ca

C

Increase Ca absorption

D

All of these

10

Hormone released from gland:

A

LH

B

PTH

C

FSH

D

TSH

11

Incorrect matching:

A

Ovary — Progesterone

B

α-cells — Glucagon

C

Adrenal cortex — Mineralocorticoids

D

Parathyroid follicular cells — TCT

12

Thin connective tissue connecting thyroid lobes is:

A

Lobes

B

Ileum

C

Isthmus

D

Ampulla

13

Hormone receptors are located:

A

Plasma membrane only

B

Cytoplasm only

C

Nucleus only

D

All of these

14

Which of the following is a steroid hormone?

A

Insulin

B

Epinephrine

C

Testosterone

D

Thyroxine

15

Match column-I with column-II.

Column I	Column II
ASecreted by Posterior pituitary	i Prolactin
BSecreted by Parathyroid gland	ii epinephrine
C Adrenal gland	iiiThyrocalcitonin
DSecreted by Anterior pituitary	ivPTH
ESecreted by Thyroid gland	vADH

A

A-v, B-iv, C-ii, D-i, E-iii

B

A-v, B-iv, C-i, D-iii, E-ii

C

A-v, B-iv, C-i, D-ii, E-iii

D

A-v, B-iv, C-ii, D-i, E-iii

16

If ADH level of blood is less, then:

A

Volume of urine increases

B

Glucose level of urine increases

C

Volume of urine decreases

D

Glucose level urine decreases

17

Assertion: Adrenaline is emergency hormone Reason: Released during stress

A

A true R false

B

A false R true

C

Both true correct explanation

D

Both true wrong explanation

18

Glucagon acts by:

A

Glycogenolysis

B

Gluconeogenesis

C

Decrease glucose uptake

D

All of these

19

Which hormone inhibits gastric secretion?

A

Secretin

B

Gastrin

C

GIP

D

CCK

20

Which of the following is a glucocorticoid?

A

Aldosterone

B

Cortisol

C

Testosterone

D

Melatonin

21

Function of glucocorticoids:

A

Proteolysis

B

Lipolysis

C

Gluconeogenesis

D

All of these

22

Hypothyroidism during pregnancy leads to:

A

Addison’s disease

B

Cretinism

C

Diabetes mellitus

D

Tetany

23

Hypothalamus releases:

A

Steroid hormones

B

Releasing hormones

C

Inhibiting hormones

D

Both B and C

24

Which hormone regulates the 24-hour (diurnal) rhythm of our body?

A

Melatonin

B

Thyroxine

C

Adrenaline

D

Cortisol

25

Hypersecretion of GH leads to:

A

Dwarfism

B

Acromegaly

C

Gigantism

D

Tetany

26

Gonadotrophins are:

A

LH and ACTH

B

FSH and LH

C

TSH and PRL

D

MSH and LH

27

Estrogen stimulates:

A

Secondary sex organs

B

High pitch voice

C

Mammary gland development

D

All of these

28

Correct about testes:

A

Located in scrotum

B

Contains seminiferous tubules

C

Primary sex organ

D

All of these

29

Vasopressin is also known as:

A

ADH (Anti-diuretic hormone)

B

Prolactin

C

Gonadotropin

D

Sterol

30

Hormone stimulating glucocorticoids secretion:

A

TSH

B

ACTH

C

LH

D

FSH

31

Read the following statements and select the option containing correct statements:

(a) Prolactin released from posterior pituitary regulates growth of mammary glands and milk formation in females.

(b) Neurohypophysis (Pars nervosa), synthesis and secrete two hormones called oxytocin and vasopressin.

(c) Melatonin hormone influences metabolism, pigmentation, menstrual cycle as well as our defence capacity.

(d) Thymosins plays a major role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes.

(e) Thyroid-gland secretes a protein hormone called Thyrocalcitonin (TCT) which regulates blood calcium level.

A

Only (a), (b) & (c)

B

Only (b), (c) & (e)

C

Only (c), (d) & (e)

D

Only (a), (c) & (e)

32

Incorrect statements:

A

Androgen from medulla

B

Adrenaline decreases contraction

C

Calcitonin peptide

D

Insulin therapy works

33

Which is correct about testes?

A

Located in scrotum

B

Contains seminiferous tubules

C

Primary sex organ

D

All of these

34

Islets of Langerhans constitute:

A

2–3%

B

4–6%

C

6–8%

D

1–2%

35

Menstrual cycle not affected by:

A

Thyroid

B

Melatonin

C

Estrogen

D

Oxytocin

36

Kidney cells producing erythropoietin:

A

Podocytes

B

JG cells

C

JG cells (renin)

D

JG cells (renin)

37

How many hormones given in the box below are released from the gastro-intestinal tract? LH, CCK, Secretin, Gastrin, GIP, PRL

A

Four

B

Five

C

Six

D

Three

38

Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of a water-soluble hormone?

A

Hormone → Receptor → Second messenger → Biochemical response

B

Hormone → Nucleus → Gene expression → Physiological response

C

Hormone → Diffusion → Receptor → Response

D

Hormone → DNA → Transcription → Response

39

Aldosterone does NOT:

A

Reabsorb Na+ and water

B

Excrete K+

C

Excrete phosphate

D

Absorb K+

40

Read the statement carefully and answer the question on the basis of following options.
Statement-I : The thyroid gland is composed of two lobes which are located on either side of trachea.
Statement-II : Thyroid hormone regulate BMR and maintain electrolyte balance in body.

A

Statement-I and statement-II are correct.

B

Both statement-I and statement-II are incorrect.

C

Statement-I is correct but statement-II is incorrect.

D

Statement-I is incorrect but statement-II is correct.

41

Thymus location:

A

Lungs, ventral

B

Kidney, lateral

C

Heart, dorsal

D

Parathyroid, dorsal

42

CCK (Cholecystokinin) acts on:

A

Pancreas only

B

Gall bladder only

C

Both Pancreas and Gall bladder

D

Gastric glands

43

Thymus gland statements:

A

Lobular structure

B

No role in immunity

C

Located behind sternum

D

Degenerates with age

44

Pars intermedia secretes:

A

FSH

B

MSH

C

GH

D

PRL

45

Which labelled part releases oxytocin?

A

I

B

II

C

IV

D

III

46

Which gland produces hormone that converts glucose to glycogen?

A

Pituitary

B

Thymus

C

Parathyroid

D

Pancreas

47

Which hormone acts on the exocrine pancreas and stimulates the secretion of water and bicarbonate ions?

A

Gastrin

B

Secretin

C

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

D

GlP

48

Assertion: ANF is vasodilator Reason: Secreted during low BP

A

A true, R false

B

A false, R true

C

Both true

D

Both true but not explanation

49

Assertion: Vasopressin prevents diuresis Reason: It increases water reabsorption

A

A true R false

B

A false R true

C

Both true correct explanation

D

Both true wrong explanation

50

Which of the following is the correct definition of hormones?

A

They are non-nutrients that act as intracellular messengers and are produced in trace amounts

B

They are nutrients that act as intercellular messengers and are produced in moderate amounts

C

They are non-nutrients that act as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amounts

D

They are nutrients that act as intercellular messengers and are produced in moderate amounts

51

Given below are two statements one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Catecholamines stimulate the breakdown of glycogen resulting in an increased concentration of glucose in blood.
Reason (R) : Glucagon acts mainly on the liver cells (hepatocytes) and stimulates glycogenolysis resulting in an increased blood sugar. In the light of above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

A

Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

B

Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

C

(A) is correct but (R) is not correct.

D

(A) is not correct but (R) is correct.

52

GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone) stimulates:

A

Gonads

B

Pituitary

C

Hypothalamus

D

Adrenal cortex

53

Gigantism and acromegaly are due to:

A

Hyperpituitarism

B

Hypothyroidism

C

Hypopituitarism

D

Hyperthyroidism

54

Alpha cells and Beta cells of Pancreas secrete ______ and ______ respectively.

A

Insulin and Glucagon

B

Glucagon and Insulin

C

Somatostatin and Insulin

D

Glucagon and Cortisol

55

Which hormone lowers blood calcium levels?

A

PTH (Parathyroid Hormone)

B

TCT (Thyrocalcitonin)

C

Thyroxine

D

Epinephrine

56

The incorrect statement regarding hormones:

A

Insulin is a peptide hormone that lowers blood glucose levels.

B

Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, and proteolysis.

C

Thyrocalcitonin (TCT) increases blood calcium levels.

D

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine are called emergency hormones or Catecholamines.

57

Which gland differentiates T-lymphocytes?

A

Adrenal

B

Thyroid

C

Thymus

D

Pituitary

58

Insulin is a hypoglycemic hormone because it:

A

Increases blood glucose levels

B

Reduces blood glucose levels

C

Increases blood calcium levels

D

Reduces blood sodium levels

59

ANF (Atrial Natriuretic Factor) is secreted by ______ and it ______.

A

Heart, increases BP

B

Kidney, decreases BP

C

Heart, decreases BP

D

Kidney, increases BP

60

Somatostatin is released from:

A

Thymus

B

Thyroid

C

Hypothalamus

D

Pineal

61

Underproduction of hormones by the adrenal cortex alters carbohydrate metabolism causing acute weakness and fatigue. This is called:

A

Grave's disease

B

Addison's disease

C

Cushing's syndrome

D

Acromegaly

62

Adrenal cortex layers (inner→outer):

A

Reticularis, fasciculata, glomerulosa

B

Fasciculata, glomerulosa, reticularis

C

Glomerulosa, reticularis, fasciculata

D

Glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis

63

Which is not related with thyroxine?

A

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

B

Control of water and electrolyte balance

C

Support RBC formation

D

Secretion of milk

64

Androgens are secreted by-

A

Pituitary

B

Testes

C

Ovaries

D

Thyroid

65

Select the set of disorders which are caused due to hyper secretion of hormones?

A

Acromegaly and cretinism

B

Grave's disease and diabetes mellitus

C

Cretinism and addison's disease

D

Acromegaly and exophthalmic goitre

66

Match the following: (a) Hypercalcaemic (b) Hypocalcaemic (c) Hyperglycemic (d) Hypoglycemic 1. Glucagon 2. Insulin 3. Calcitonin 4. PTH

A

a-4, b-3, c-1, d-2

B

a-3, b-4, c-2, d-1

C

a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4

D

a-4, b-1, c-3, d-2

67

Read the following statements w.r.t pituitary gland:

A

Located in sella turcica

B

Attached to hypothalamus by stalk

C

Divided into adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis

D

Pars intermedia secretes ACTH

68

Hormones which interact with intracellular receptors are mostly:

A

Peptide hormones

B

Steroid hormones and Iodothyronines

C

Amino-acid derivatives

D

All of these

69

If pituitary is surgically removed, blood level of sodium falls and that of potassium rises up due to:

A

Fact that LTH from pituitary is no longer available

B

Atrophy of adrenal medulla

C

Atrophy of adrenal cortex

D

Fact that oxytocin from pituitary is no longer available

70

GnRH function:

A

Gonadotropin secretion

B

Milk secretion

C

Thyroid stimulation

D

GH synthesis

71

The 'Islets of Langerhans' are found in the:

A

Liver

B

Pancreas

C

Kidney

D

Thyroid

72

Assertion: Immunity weak in old age Reason: Thymus degenerates

A

A true R false

B

A false R true

C

Both true correct explanation

D

Both true wrong explanation

73

Oxytocin helps in:

A

Milk production

B

Water reabsorption

C

Vigorous contraction of uterus during child birth

D

Growth of mammary glands

74

Given two statements: Statement I: TCT regulates Ca level Statement II: Thyroid regulates water balance

A

I correct, II incorrect

B

I incorrect, II correct

C

Both correct

D

Both incorrect

75

Incorrect about glucagon:

A

Acts on liver

B

Glycogenolysis

C

Gluconeogenesis

D

Increases glucose uptake

76

Neurohypophysis consists of:

A

Pars distalis

B

Pars intermedia

C

Pars nervosa

D

All

77

Hormone suppressing immunity:

A

Melatonin

B

Glucagon

C

Thymosin

D

Cortisol

78

Protein hormone binding leads to:

A

cAMP

B

IP3

C

Ca++

D

All of these

79

Neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) stores and releases:

A

GH and PRL

B

TSH and ACTH

C

Oxytocin and Vasopressin

D

LH and FSH

80

Receptors of protein hormones are found:

A

Inside nucleus

B

Inside cytoplasm

C

On cell surface membrane

D

On surface of ER

81

24-hour rhythm controlled by:

A

Melatonin

B

Glucagon

C

Thymosin

D

Oxytocin

82

'Emergency hormones' or 'Hormones of Fight or Flight' are:

A

Insulin and Glucagon

B

Adrenaline and Noradrenaline

C

Estrogen and Progesterone

D

Cortisol and Aldosterone

83

Thymus gland is responsible for the differentiation of:

A

B-lymphocytes

B

T-lymphocytes

C

RBCs

D

Platelets

84

Which part produces prolactin hormone?

A

V

B

II

C

III

D

IV

85

Adrenal cortex layers (inner → outer):

A

Reticularis, fasciculata, glomerulosa

B

Fasciculata, glomerulosa, reticularis

C

Glomerulosa, reticularis, fasciculata

D

Glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis

86

Diabetes insipidus is due to:

A

Oxytocin deficiency

B

Glucagon deficiency

C

Insulin deficiency

D

ADH deficiency

87

Odd man out:

A

ADH

B

GH

C

ACTH

D

LH

88

JG cells produce:

A

Podocyte hormone

B

Erythropoietin

C

Renin

D

Renin

89

Which of the following is not a deficiency-related disorder?

A

Cretinism

B

Dwarfism

C

Diabetes insipidus

D

Exophthalmic goitre

90

Hormone acting on genes:

A

LH

B

GH

C

Estrogen

D

CCK

91

Which structure represents notochord?

A

I

B

II

C

III

D

IV

92

Number of hormones from pars distalis:

A

4

B

5

C

6

D

8

93

Pineal gland is located on:

A

Dorsal midbrain

B

Ventral hindbrain

C

Dorsal forebrain

D

Ventral forebrain

94

Erythropoietin, which stimulates RBC formation, is secreted by:

A

Heart

B

Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells of kidney

C

Liver

D

Bone marrow

95

PTH is a hypercalcaemic hormone, meaning it:

A

Increases blood Ca2+ levels

B

Decreases blood Ca2+ levels

C

Increases blood Na+ levels

D

Decreases blood Glucose levels

96

Prolonged hyperglycemia leads to a complex disorder called:

A

Diabetes Insipidus

B

Diabetes Mellitus

C

Hypertension

D

Goitre

97

Which type of hormones are secreted by thymus gland?

A

Steroid

B

Peptide

C

Amino acid derived

D

Lipid

98

Prolonged hyperglycemia leads to:

A

Diabetes insipidus

B

Addison’s disease

C

Diabetes mellitus

D

Grave’s disease

99

One of the statements given below is incorrect regarding hormones that interact with intracellular receptors:

A

Androgens and thyroxine are examples

B

Binding of hormone with receptors causes production of second messenger

C

They mostly regulate gene expression or chromosome function

D

Due to action on DNA, transcription and translation occurs

100

Given two statements: Statement I: cAMP is secondary messenger Statement II: Estrogen from follicles

A

I correct, II incorrect

B

I incorrect, II correct

C

Both correct

D

Both incorrect

101

Hormones binding membrane receptors:

A

FSH, estrogen

B

Androgen, progesterone

C

Epinephrine, glucagon

D

Thyroxine, secretin

102

Match the following:

A

Atrial wall — ANF

B

Thyroid — T3

C

Parathyroid — PTH

D

GI tract — GIP

Question Palette

Chemical Coordination and Integration

Question Palette